Question:
Kya ek gawaah aur ek wakeel ki maujuudgi mein nikaah hoga?
Answer:
Zaid ne apni zawja Hinda ko teen talaaq di, Hinda ‘iddat guzaarne lagi. Jab ‘iddat puuri hui to Zaid ne Bakr ko bulaaya aur kaha Hinda se aap nikaah kar lo taaki halaalah ho jaae. Bakr is baat ke liye tayyaar hua. Iske baa’d Hinda aur Zaid aur Bakr teeno.n log jama’ hue, khutba padha, Bakr ne Zaid ko gawaah banaakar Hinda se kaha: "Main ne tujhe apne nikaah mein liya itne meher ke saath," Hinda ne qubuul kiya aur kaha Bakr ne meher ada karne ke baa’d mujaama’at kiya, phir talaaq di. Hinda phir ‘iddat guzaarne lagi, ‘iddat guzar jaane ke baad Zaid ne phir Bakr ko bulaaya aur kaha ki ab mera nikaah Hinda se karaade.n. Bakr ne kalmah padhaaya aur khutba diya aur Hinda ka nikaah Zaid se nae meher ke saath kar diya. Nikaah-e-saani mein koi gawaah nahi.n, jabki nikaah-e-awwal mein khud Zaid gawaah hai. ‘Arz karna yeh hai ki yeh dono.n nikaah hue ki nahi.n? Agar nahi.n hue to kya phir se nikaah karke halaalah karna hoga? Jaisa bhi ho, dono.n nikaah ke ta’alluq se jo bhi hukm ho, Quraan-o-Hadees ki roshni mein jawaab ‘inaayat farmaae. ‘ain nawaazish hogi. ﷽ Al-Jawaab Dono.n Nikaah Faasid Hue, Pehla to is liye faasid hua ki waqt-e-nikaah do mard ya ek mard aur do ‘aurate.n jo ‘aaqil, baaligh aur musalmaan ho.n, unka maujuud rehna zaruuri hai. Aur duusra nikaah do wajho.n se faasid hua: Pehli wajah ye ki baghair gawaaho.n ki maujuudgi mein nikaah hua. Duusri wajah ye ki yeh duusra nikaah pehle nikaah par mauquuf tha. Agar pehla nikaah saheeh hua ho to yeh bhi saheeh ho sakta tha agar do gawaaho.n ki maujuudgi mein hua hota. Magar pehla nikaah hi durust na hua, is liye Hinda apne pehle shauhar ke liye halaal na hui. Hadees Shareef mein farmaaya: من نکح بغیر ولی و شاھدین فنکاحہ باطل (Jaame' Masaaneed Al-Imam Al-Aa’zam, Jild 2, Safah 24, Jami’ah Ashrafiyah, Mubaarakpuur) Fataawa Hindiyyah mein hai: و یشترط العدد،فلا ینعقد النکاح بشاہد واحد ، ولا یشترط وصف المذکورحتیٰ ینعقد بحضور رجل و امرأتین ملتقطا (Al-Fataawa Al-Hindiyyah, Jild 1, Safah 1267) Aur Fataawa Razawiyah mein hai: "Nikaah ek gawaah se nahi.n ho sakta, jab tak do mard ya ek mard aur do ‘aurate.n ‘aaqil, baaligh musalmaan na ho.n." (Fataawa Razawiyah, Jild 11, Safah 247, Mutarjam) Lihaaza Hinda aur Zaid ke liye zaruuri hai ki woh tauba wa istighfaar kare.n. Aur unpar waajib hai ki fauran apna nikaah faskh kare.n. Faskh ka ikhtiyaar dono.n mein se har ek ko hai, aur faskh karte waqt dono.n ka maujuud rehna zaruuri nahi.n balki tanha bhi faskh kar sakte hain aur faskh karne ke liye zabaan se kahe: " ki Main ne apna nikaah faskh kiya." Tanweer-ul-Absaar Ma’a Durr-e-Mukhtar mein hai: و لکل واحد منھما فسخہ و لو بغیر محضر عن صاحبہ دخل بھا أولا (Jild 3, Safah 132) Aur jis waqt nikaah faskh kare.n us waqt se Hinda ‘iddat shumaar’ kare, aur baa’d-e-‘iddat agar phir se Hinda Zaid ke saath rehna chaahti hai, to kisi duusre se do gawaaho.n ki maujuudgi mein nikaah kare. Phir ye duusra shauhar Hinda se ham-bistari kare, is ke baad Hinda ko talaaq de. Ab Hinda phir se ‘iddat guzaar kar do gawaaho.n ki maujuudgi mein Zaid se nikaah kare. Bakr jis ne baghair gawaaho.n ke nikaah kiya aur karaaya, us ne haraam kaam ka irtikaab kiya. Hadees mein aiso.n ko zaani kaha gaya hai. Hadees Shareef mein hai: الزوانی اللاتی أن ینکحن بأنفسھن بغیر بینۃ (Sunan Al-Kubra lil Baihaqi, Kitaab-un-Nikaah, Daar-e-Saadir, Bairut, Jild 7, Safah 125) Bakr is haraam kaam karne ki wajah se faasiq-o-faajir aur mustahiq-e-‘azaab-e-naar hua. Jis ke saamne ye haraam kaam kiya, un ke saamne is par tauba wa istighfaar karna waajib-o-zaruuri hai. Agar tauba na kare to usko imaam banaana gunaah wa naa-jaaiz hai, aur uske peeche namaaz makruuh-e- tehreemi ki padhni naa-jaaiz aur agar padhi to pherni waajib. Hadees mein hai: اذا عملت سیئۃ فاحدث عنھا توبۃ، السر بالسر والعلانیۃ بالعلانیۃ (Al-Mu’jam-Al-Kabeer, Maktabat-ul-Faisalah, Bairut, Jild 20, Safah 159) Wallaahu Ta’aala Aa’lam. Faruuq Khaan Mahaaimi Date: 6 Zil-Hijjah 1437 / 8 September 2012 Transliteration: Faiz Ashrafi